SQL Server - Como consultar a cotação do dólar (USD), euro (EUR) ou qualquer outra moeda em tempo real com API e SQLCLR

Fala pessoal!
Nesse post de hoje, vou compartilhar com vocês uma solução que eu desenvolvi para consultar a cotação do dólar (USD), euro (EUR), real (BRL) ou qualquer outra moeda em tempo real (quase) utilizando um WebService (API) e SQLCLR no SQL Server. Isso pode acabar sendo muito útil dependendo da sua área de atuação e é algo que vejo muitas empresas até comprando serviços parecidos com esse.

Se você não sabe o que é SQLCLR, dê uma lida no artigo Introdução ao SQL CLR (Common Language Runtime) no SQL Server antes desse post para entender melhor o que é esse recurso.

O que vamos conseguir fazer ao final desse post:

De onde vêm os dados das cotações?

Para retornar os dados de cotação de moedas, existem vários e vários sites e API’s para consulta. Para esse exemplo, eu optei por utilizar a API do site https://www.currencyconverterapi.com/, que possui plano gratuito para consulta, além de planos pagos, caso você tenha uma necessidade maior de consultas.

A documentação da API pode ser encontrada nesse link aqui.

No plano gratuito, acredito que a maioria das pessoas já serão muito bem atendidas. Inclusive, no próprio site é mencionado que o serviço pode ser utilizado de forma gratuita até para uso comercial.

Limitações do plano gratuito:

• Pares de moedas por solicitação: 2 (Pode consultar até 2 moedas por vez)
• Número de solicitações por hora: 100
• Intevalo de atualização dos dados da cotação: 60 minutos (Ou seja, não adianta tentar atualizar os dados no plano gratuito com frequência menor que 60 minutos)
• Intervalo de datas na busca histórica: 8 dias (A função fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange só pode retornar um intervalo de dados de até 8 dias)
• Consultas históricas: 1 ano (As datas passadas por parâmetros nas funções fncConverteMoedaHistorico ou fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange não podem ser mais antigas que 365 dias da data atual)

Caso o plano gratuito não consiga te atender, pode procurar algum plano pago e continuar utilizando essa mesma API e essas funções.

Como conseguir a chave de autenticação da API?

Para adquirir a sua chave da API e começar a utilizar os recursos, acesse esse link aqui, preencha o seu e-mail e você irá receber a sua chave de acesso:

Com essa chave, você já pode utilizar a sua API, respeitando os limites do plano que for utilizar, é claro.

Como utilizar as funções criadas

Antes de demonstrar a utilização, achei legal fazer uma breve descrição sobre cada uma dessas funções.

• fncConverteMoeda: Função que tem como objetivo converter uma moeda para outra, com base na cotação mais atual possível. O retorno dessa função é um número decimal escalar.
• fncConverteMoedaHistorico: Função que tem como objetivo converter uma moeda para outra, com base na cotação da data informada como parâmetro (lembrando das limitações da API). O retorno dessa função é um número decimal escalar.
• fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange: Função que tem como objetivo converter uma moeda para outra, com base na cotação do range de data informada como parâmetro (lembrando das limitações da API). O retorno dessa função é uma tabela, contendo a data da cotação (Datetime) e o valor da cotação (número decimal escalar), onde cada dia é uma linha da tabela.

Exemplos de uso:

DECLARE @tokenApi VARCHAR(50) = 'Meu token'


-- Retorna a cotação mais atual da moeda desejada
SELECT dbo.fncConverteMoeda(@tokenApi, 'USD', 'BRL')


-- Retorna a cotação da moeda na data desejada
SELECT dbo.fncConverteMoedaHistorico(@tokenApi, 'USD', 'BRL', '2020-07-30')


-- Retorna uma tabela com os rates no intervalo desejado
SELECT * FROM dbo.fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange(@tokenApi, 'USD', 'BRL', '2021-01-01', '2021-01-08')

Resultado:

Como criar os objetos no banco com T-SQL – Modo Easy/Nutella

Se você não tem o Visual Studio ou não quer se preocupar em entender como as funções foram construídas ou compilar a sua própria versão do assembly, esse código é pra você. Simples, rápido e objetivo.

Código T-SQL para criar as funções:

USE [master]
GO

DECLARE 
    @VersaoSQL INT = CONVERT(INT, (SERVERPROPERTY('ProductMajorVersion')))


IF (@VersaoSQL >= 15) -- SQL Server 2017+
BEGIN
    
    EXEC ('
    DECLARE @asmBin varbinary(max) = 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    DECLARE @hash varbinary(64) = HASHBYTES(''SHA2_512'', @asmBin);

    IF (EXISTS(SELECT TOP(1) NULL FROM sys.trusted_assemblies WHERE [hash] = @hash))
    BEGIN
        EXEC sys.sp_drop_trusted_assembly @hash = @hash
    END


    EXEC sys.sp_add_trusted_assembly 
        @hash = @hash,
        @description = N''sqlclr_currencyconverter, version=0.0.0.0, culture=neutral, publickeytoken=null, processorarchitecture=msil'''
    )

END
ELSE BEGIN
    
    EXEC('ALTER DATABASE [dirceuresende] SET TRUSTWORTHY ON')

END


USE [dirceuresende]
GO

IF (EXISTS(SELECT TOP(1) NULL FROM sys.assemblies WHERE [name] = 'SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter'))
BEGIN

    IF (OBJECT_ID('dbo.fncConverteMoeda') IS NOT NULL) DROP FUNCTION dbo.fncConverteMoeda
    IF (OBJECT_ID('dbo.fncConverteMoedaHistorico') IS NOT NULL) DROP FUNCTION dbo.fncConverteMoedaHistorico
    IF (OBJECT_ID('dbo.fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange') IS NOT NULL) DROP FUNCTION dbo.fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange

    DROP ASSEMBLY [SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter]

END


CREATE ASSEMBLY [SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter]
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = EXTERNAL_ACCESS
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fncConverteMoeda] (@token NVARCHAR (MAX), @moedaOrigem NVARCHAR (MAX), @moedaDestino NVARCHAR (MAX) )
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
EXTERNAL NAME [SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter].[UserDefinedFunctions].[fncConverteMoeda]
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fncConverteMoedaHistorico] ( @token NVARCHAR (MAX), @moedaOrigem NVARCHAR (MAX), @moedaDestino NVARCHAR (MAX), @data DATETIME )
RETURNS FLOAT
AS
EXTERNAL NAME [SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter].[UserDefinedFunctions].[fncConverteMoedaHistorico]
GO

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange] ( @token NVARCHAR (MAX), @moedaOrigem NVARCHAR (MAX), @moedaDestino NVARCHAR (MAX), @dataInicio DATETIME, @dataFim DATETIME )
RETURNS TABLE (
    [Dt_Cotacao] DATETIME   NULL,
    [Vl_Cotacao] FLOAT      NULL
)
AS
EXTERNAL NAME [SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter].[UserDefinedFunctions].[fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange]
GO

Como compilar o seu projeto SQLCLR no Visual Studio – Modo Hard/Raiz

Se você tem o Visual Studio e quer entender como as funções foram construídas ou compilar a sua própria versão do assembly, esse código é pra você.

Caso você não saiba o que é SQLCLR ou como compilar e publicar o projeto, dê uma lida no artigo Introdução ao SQL CLR (Common Language Runtime) no SQL Server antes desse post para entender melhor o que é esse recurso.

Download da solução do Visual Studio (VS2019)
Download do Projeto SQLCLR_CurrencyConverter

Código-fonte do fncConverteMoeda.cs

using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
    [Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction]
    public static SqlDouble fncConverteMoeda (string token, string moedaOrigem, string moedaDestino) 
    {

        var url = "https://free.currconv.com/api/v7/convert?q=" + moedaOrigem + "_" + moedaDestino + "&compact=ultra&apiKey=" + token;
        var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

        request.Method = "GET";
        request.ContentType = "application/json";
        var resposta = "";

        using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
        {
            using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8")))
                    {
                        resposta = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return SqlDouble.Parse(resposta.Substring(resposta.IndexOf(":") + 1).Replace("}", "")) ;

    }

}

Código-fonte do fncConverteMoedaHistorico.cs

using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
    [Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction]
    public static SqlDouble fncConverteMoedaHistorico(string token, string moedaOrigem, string moedaDestino, SqlDateTime data)
    {

        var url = "https://free.currconv.com/api/v7/convert?q=" + moedaOrigem + "_" + moedaDestino + "&compact=ultra&date=" + data.Value.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd") + "&apiKey=" + token;
        var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

        request.Method = "GET";
        request.ContentType = "application/json";
        var resposta = "";

        using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
        {
            using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8")))
                    {
                        resposta = streamReader.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return SqlDouble.Parse(resposta.Substring(resposta.LastIndexOf(":") + 1).Replace("}}", ""));

    }

}

Código-fonte do fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange.cs

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{

    private class ConsultaCotacao
    {

        public SqlDateTime Data;
        public SqlDouble Cotacao;
        
        public ConsultaCotacao(SqlDateTime data, SqlDouble cotacao)
        {

            Data = data;
            Cotacao = cotacao;
            
        }

    }


    [Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlFunction(
        FillRowMethodName = "FillRow_ConsultaCotacao",
        TableDefinition = "Dt_Cotacao DATETIME, Vl_Cotacao FLOAT"
    )]
    public static IEnumerable fncConverteMoedaHistoricoRange(string token, string moedaOrigem, string moedaDestino, SqlDateTime dataInicio, SqlDateTime dataFim)
    {

        var consultaCotacaoCollection = new ArrayList();

        var url = "https://free.currconv.com/api/v7/convert?q=" + moedaOrigem + "_" + moedaDestino + "&compact=ultra&date=" + dataInicio.Value.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd") + "&endDate=" + dataFim.Value.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd") + "&apiKey=" + token;
        var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

        request.Method = "GET";
        request.ContentType = "application/json";
        var resposta = "";

        using (var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
        {
            using (var stream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream, Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8")))
                    {

                        resposta = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

                        if (resposta.IndexOf("error", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) >= 0)
                        {

                            consultaCotacaoCollection.Add(new ConsultaCotacao(
                                SqlDateTime.Null,
                                -1
                            ));

                            return consultaCotacaoCollection;

                        }

                        resposta = resposta.Replace("{", "").Replace("}", "").Replace("\"", "");
                        resposta = resposta.Substring(resposta.IndexOf(":") + 1);

                        var varLinhas = resposta.Split(',');
                        var numLinhas = varLinhas.Length;

                        for(var i = 0; i < numLinhas; i++)
                        {

                            var linha = varLinhas[i];
                            var palavras = linha.Split(':');

                            consultaCotacaoCollection.Add(new ConsultaCotacao(
                                Convert.ToDateTime(palavras[0]),
                                Convert.ToDouble(palavras[1])
                            ));

                        }

                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return consultaCotacaoCollection;

    }


    protected static void FillRow_ConsultaCotacao(object objConsultaCotacao, out SqlDateTime data, out SqlDouble cotacao)
    {

        var consultaCotacao = (ConsultaCotacao) objConsultaCotacao;

        data = consultaCotacao.Data;
        cotacao = consultaCotacao.Cotacao;

    }

}

E é isso aí, pessoal!
Espero que tenham gostado dessa dica e até a próxima!